11 pin 1326359-2 Automotive Connector Clip Wire Cable Cover Electronic Components 2.8 Series

Semiconductor applications in automobiles

Semiconductors play an important role in many places in existing traditional circuits, among which are safety-related: a protection diode is connected in parallel next to the coil of the relay, and a voltage regulator is used in the instrument circuit to ensure that the voltage at both ends of the voltage regulator is maintained at a certain level. The voltage value remains basically unchanged.

At present, the most used semiconductor products in automobiles are sensors, MCUs and power semiconductors. With the rapid development of automobile autonomous driving and smart cockpits, the demand for SoC chips with higher computing power will also increase.

When semiconductors are used in power distribution systems, compared with traditional power distribution components:

In the traditional power distribution system, the whole vehicle completes the power distribution of electrical appliances through various plug-in or PCB electrical boxes (composed of traditional fuses and relays). It is suitable for most models in the current market, and the corresponding electrical architecture and control logic It's relatively simple. The load circuit under each gear is switched on and off through the corresponding ECU to control the coil terminal voltage of the relay, including IG relay, ACC relay, light relay, horn relay, etc., and some loads with constant power requirements are directly connected to the positive pole of the battery through a fuse.

In order to cope with more complex and bulky electrical architecture and control logic, smaller, lighter, smarter and easier to install smart electrical boxes have emerged. Tesla has adopted the smart electrical box solution of replacing fuses and relays with MOSFETs since MODEL 3. At Now, domestic OEMs have also begun pre-research on this technology.

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Advantages of semiconductor devices over traditional fuses and relays: 

Taking the traditional fuse as an example, assuming that a 10A chip insurance is used, generally speaking, the maximum steady-state current of the actual load circuit is about 6A, and when the abnormal current of the circuit reaches 160%, which is 1 6A , the fusing time of the fuse is 0.25~50s Inside.

Picture: MINI insurance specification sheet

When a traditional fuse is disconnected for protection, the conductive fuse will blow or be destroyed and therefore can never be used again.

Overcurrent and short-circuit protection are slow, and wiring harnesses and electrical appliances will accelerate aging under long-term high current conditions, which is extremely detrimental to the circuit.

As a traditional electrical device, fuses cannot perform diagnostic functions.

The life of a fuse is generally about 100,000 times. 

E-Fuse is an active current protection device with integrated MOSFET, the main components are a power switch for modulating the load current, a current sensing element and control logic. 

Figure: Smart MOSFET controller circuit

The turn-off operation of the semiconductor device is achieved by turning the built-in MOSFET on and off, so it can be used repeatedly.

It can realize current and voltage detection functions, and the accuracy can reach 5%.

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