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The electrode is the core of the battery. It consists of active substances and conductive skeleton. The active substance of positive and negative electrodes is the source of electrical energy and an important part of determining the basic characteristics of the battery. The capacity will be increased by 28%. There are many types of positive materials for lithium -ion batteries, mainly lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, nickel manganese cobalt ternary material and lithium iron phosphate. Due to the high price of cobalt and nickels in raw materials, the pollution is heavier, and after the battery is large, it will be in danger of overheating or explosion. The orthopedic materials are lithium ionic ion batteries with lithium manganate, ternary material and lithium iron phosphate, and have a better cost.

Lithium iron phosphate (LIFEPO4) is a new type of lithium ion battery material. Because iron resources are abundant, the price is low without pollution, especially the stable structure and safety performance are suitable for electric vehicles. The theoretical ratio of LIFEPO4 crystal positive material is 170mA · H/G, the relative lithium electrode potential is about 3.5V, and the theoretical ratio is 550W · H/Kg. The circulation performance of LIFEPO4 is good, which can stabilize and discharge more than 2,000 times. It is 4 times that of ordinary lead -acid batteries. It is stable during the charging and discharge process. There is no need to consider the effects of temperature changes on the crystal structure. LIFEPO4 can discharge the capacity of 140mA · H/G under small current density, which is equivalent to Licoo2 capacity. In addition, its safety is good. Lithium iron phosphate completely solves the problem of safety hazards of lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate. Lithium cobaltate and lithium manganate will explode under strong collision, which pose a threat to consumers' life safety. The lithium iron phosphate has undergone rigorous safety tests that even in the worst traffic accidents, it will not explode, and the volume contraction of the full -all -state positive pole material makes up for the volume expansion of the carbon negative pole, with a small volume effect and no memory effect.

4.4.2 Recycling status quo

The service life of electric vehicle power lithium -ion batteries is about 20 years, but the actual use time for vehicle power lithium batteries is 3 to 8 years. Before recycling abandoned vehicle power lithium batteries, they can also use them for power storage of power grids or use them as low -level power sources for secondary use to give full play to the socio -economic benefits of power lithium batteries. Figure 4-45 The recycling process of power lithium batteries established by cycle economy theory and product life cycle analysis (LCA) principle, this process has been generally recognized and followed by domestic and foreign countries.

Figure 4-45 Power lithium battery use and recycling process chart

There are three main reasons for the recovery system lag and low recycling efficiency:

1) Little battery recovery. The number of recycled scrapped lithium batteries is small, and most of them are derived from the waste or inventory materials generated by the manufacturer.

2) The recycling network is not sound. The lack of specialized battery recycling networks, mainly relying on waste item recycling companies for extensive collection. A single lithium battery recovery value is small, so the recycling company has not recovered the battery for a long time. People cannot handle waste batteries and will not store them. It is common to throw them into domestic garbage.

3) Environmental protection risks. According to national laws, enterprises need to apply for dangerous waste business licenses in order to engage in waste battery recycling and processing. However, due to technology and funding issues, there are not many enterprises that are really qualified to operate large -scale operations, and there are a large number of small companies with low technology. This not only disrupts the market, but also brings serious environmental problems and hidden safety hazards.

Lithium iron phosphate material is mainly used in the positive electrode of the power battery or energy storage battery. Because the demand for battery materials for power and energy storage batteries is greater than conventional small batteries, it has high social value for recovery. 

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