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Experts in the field of automotive technology believe: "Only by understanding the structural characteristics can we carry out maintenance; only by understanding the working principle can we analyze and judge faults." Learning automotive electrical and electronic control technology requires not only visual thinking, but also abstract thinking. If there is only image thinking but no abstract thinking, that is, only understanding of the structural characteristics of automotive electrical systems and electronic control systems, without understanding the flow direction and path of current, it is impossible to accurately judge the location and nature of failures in electrical appliances and electronic control systems. Therefore, for personnel engaged in automotive technology and management, it is very important to understand the structural characteristics, working principles, use and maintenance of automotive electrical systems and electronic control systems, and to have certain operational skills. 

1. Automobile electronic control technology

Automotive electronic control technology, referred to as automotive electronic control technology, is based on electrical technology, microelectronics technology, computer technology, automatic control technology, intelligent control technology, hydraulic transmission technology, new materials and new processes, etc., to solve the shortage of automotive energy, For the purpose of social issues such as environmental protection and traffic safety, it is a technology aimed at improving vehicle performance (power performance, economy, emission, safety, comfort, maneuverability, passability, etc.).

Automobile technology, construction technology and environmental protection technology are the three major indicators to measure the level of a country's industrialization. Automobile technology not only represents the development level of social material life, but also represents the development level of science and technology. Since the 1980s, improving vehicle performance, saving energy and protecting the environment has mainly depended on electronic control technology. 

(1) Functions of automotive electronic control systems

Automotive electronic control system, referred to as automotive electronic control system, refers to a mechatronic control system composed of sensors, electronic control units and actuators that can improve vehicle performance.

The main function of the automotive electronic control system is to improve the overall performance of the car, including power, economy, emissions, safety, comfort, maneuverability and passability. For example: the use of electronically controlled fuel injection technology and computer-controlled ignition technology can not only save fuel by 5% to 10%, but also greatly improve power performance and exhaust purification performance; The car can run safely on the muddy road, and it can prevent the wheels from locking and slipping during emergency braking, so as to ensure the safe braking of the car; the use of airbag technology can save thousands of lives every year. Electronic control technology also plays an important role in realizing the automation of vehicle manipulation and improving comfort and passability.

To sum up, automotive electrical appliances and electronic control systems are an important part of a car. The quality and quantity of electrical appliances and electronic control equipment installed in automobiles directly affect the performance, use and grade of automobiles.

 (2) The basic components of the automotive electronic control system

On the same car, several electronic control systems are equipped. Each electronic control system can realize different control functions. Different car models and grades have different electronic control systems. However, the basic structure of each electronic control system on a car is composed of three parts: sensors (sensing elements) and switch signals, electronic control units (ECU, Electronic Control Unit) and actuators (executive elements), as shown in Figure 0- As shown in 2, this is a common feature of the composition of automotive electronic control systems.

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